Identifying a defective RAM IC on laptops with soldered memory
(piernov.org)
Warning: some information in this article is uncertain and based onto third-party reverse engineering efforts. Official documentation from the memory controller manufacturer is required, however Intel does not make it public. This only shows the idea to narrow down the fault. Additionally, other factors such as a PCB or CPU fault could be the cause and not the RAM ICs themselves (e.g. common failure on MacBook Air 13" 2011 with board number 820-3023).
Warning: some information in this article is uncertain and based onto third-party reverse engineering efforts. Official documentation from the memory controller manufacturer is required, however Intel does not make it public. This only shows the idea to narrow down the fault. Additionally, other factors such as a PCB or CPU fault could be the cause and not the RAM ICs themselves (e.g. common failure on MacBook Air 13" 2011 with board number 820-3023).